ISHS Acta Horticulturae 243: IV International Symposium on Research and Development on Orchard and Plantation Systems
PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE COSTS OF APPLE PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT FRUIT GROWING AREAS. |
| Author: | F. Winter |
| Abstract:
Ecological and economical influences on the main parameters affecting production costs are discussed: yield, cultivars, level of knowledge, availability of land, level of wages, organisation of marketing, political influences. A key parameter is the yield, being a function of yield capacity/ha of an orchard. The optimum yield capacity is limited mainly by local light conditions, but may often be badly adapted by insufficient knowledge of growers. Other parameters of climate such as length of vegetation period, warm nights at June drop period and before picking, insufficient chilling units during winter time are significant for the choice between cultivars and production costs. The availability and price of land differs widely between growing areas. Labour costs are not increasing generally but have increased more in former less developed areas. Distortions of competition between countries are very much results of differences in policy of subsidies and restrictions. | |
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