ISHS Acta Horticulturae 177: IV International Symposium on Flower Bulbs
FUNGICIDE-RESISTANCE: HOW DOES IT ARISE AND WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT? |
| Author: | J. Dekker |
| Abstract:
Continued production of high quality bulb material would not be possible without efficient and dependable control measures. One of these, and certainly not the least important one, is the use of fungicides for control of fungal plant diseases. This year, 1985, in Bordeaux, France, the discovery of Bordeaux mixture, 100 years ago, will be celebrated: the first fungicide for large scale application against fungal diseases in many crops. During more than half a century it remained the most important and reliable means of disease control, without problems of development of fungicide-resistance. After the second world war the Bordeaux mixture was replaced by the organic fungicides such as the carbamates, and again fungicide-resistance did not develop. It was known that bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics, that insects may become resistant to insecticides, and that in general the capability of living organisms to become resistant to unfavorable conditions, such as toxic chemicals, is large. Earlier, the opinion has even been expressed that fungi might possess this capability to a lesser extent. Now, we know better. The phenomenon of fungicide resistance has occurred frequently during the last two dekades, after the introduction of new types of chemicals in the 1960-ies, the so-called systemic fungicides, which are taken up and transported in the plant tissue. The use of the following specific-site fungicides became also important for control of various bulb diseases:
| |
Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files) | |
