ISHS Acta Horticulturae 169: International Workshop on Improvement of Sweet and Sour Cherry Varieties and Rootstocks
NEW HYBRID ROOTSTOCK FOR CHERRIES |
| Authors: | A.F. Kolesnikova, Y.u.V. Ossipov, A.I. Kolesnikov |
| Abstract:
The main factor that restricts the production of nursery trees cherry in the middle belt of the RSFSR is the lack of rootstocks. Because of wide spread of coccomicosis (causitive agent is Coccomyces hiemalis Higg., conidial stage - Cilindrosporium hiemale Higg.) and strong freezing of the gardens during severe winter of 1978–1979 the seed production of cherry rootstock forms was greatly reduced. Even when the seeds are available in sufficient amount it is not always possible to produce rootstocks, as the young plants are strongly infested by coccomyces in the nursery gardens. The first signs of disease appear on the stage of seedlings active growth (8–10 leaves). The leaves of the infested plants become brown, dry and finally fall off, only the uppermost leaves are retained. In epidemic years it is necessary to conduct 10–12 sprayings with the appropriate toxic chemicals, but this is not always possible in the conditions of agricultural farming. The infected seedlings never reach the standard size. In the next stage the rootstocks can be reinfected. Then it is developed and grafted badly and finally reduces the yield of planting stock. To develop a rootstock which meets the demands of modern agricultural farming, it is necessary to involve species with high resistance to frosts and coccomyces in the breeding process. Michurin I.V. (4) used cherry (Padus sp.) in sour cherry (Cerasus sp.) breeding, but these hybrids Cerapadus were not used. In recent years different species of cherry and Cerapadus (1, 2, 3, 5) have again been involved in breeding process. The purposes of our investigations are:
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