AN OPENING ADDRESS GIVEN BY DOC. DR J. SKIERKOWSKI DIRECTOR OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE CROPS

I would like cordially welcome in the Research Institute of Vegetable Crops in Skierniewice all our guests-participants of the symposium "The Use of Fertilizers in Protected Vegetable Production".

I must say that it is the great honor and pleasure for us to receive so famous specialists as participants of the symposium. It is particularly kind for us to welcome Prof. dr T. Tukey - President of the International Society for Horticultural Science. I would like to welcome prof. D.Fritz - former presidend of the ISHS and simultaneously the organizer of the last great Horticultural Congress at Hamburg. It have not been many symposias as I remember on which would be possible to welcome two persons standing on the highest positions of our society. It is of course special occasion for us to be proud and really glad of heaving such nice guests.

I like to welcome dr van Kampen - Chairman of Vegetables Section who is my direct chief in this section. It is very kind for us to welcome prof. Ottosson the vice Chairman of Vegetables Section.

I would like cordially welcome Prof. Gertych vice Chairman of the Polish Parlament and vice Secretary of the Polish Academy of Science, my former chief at our Institute. It is very kind to me welcome the Agricultural Secretary of the Polish United Workers Party of our voivodship Mr Nowacki and Mr Zych the deputy of voivod leader at Skierniewice. I also welcome Mr Kalinski the President of Horticultural Cooperative in Poland and my very good friend as well.

It is of course special occasion for us to be proud and really satisfied of having such nice guests.

At the end I would like to welcome all the guests who will take part at our Symposium.

I believe that these three days being together listening the papers, and discussing the problems connected with vegetable nutrition under covers we can move for one more perhaps the small step for rising yields and quality of vegetables and at the same time to understand what the plant needs.

I wish all of you really profitable sessions and very good time during your stay at Skierniewice.


AN OPENING ADDRESS GIVEN BY PROF.DR HAB. H. TUKEY IR. PRESIDENT
OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCES

Vice President Gertych, dr Skierkowski,

It is a great delight for me to be back in Poland almost 10 years since my first visit. Not only as President of the International Society I bring you greetings but also as responsible for these polish people who came to my laboratory. Now I have the chance to see if they are good and are doing good work. I am also comeing back to the place where we had a delightful time 10 years ago because it was at that time that so many has travelled perhaps for the first time to the socialist countries when you gave us a very fine visit at the time of the Congress. So I am delighted to be back here again.

We certainly should thank the people who looked after us. There are so many Presidents and chairman and vice-chairman and vice-presidents.

I was afraid the whole room with tip suddenly to this end and would slide. But everybody as we say in America. the big brass is here to day and it is very fine that all of you could come and visit.

We certainly should thank our host dr Skierkowski who also is a host not only in this Institute but also at his home. We should also thank the organizer prof. Nowosielski who will gave a speech but also is a good host in his home and of course the Secretary dr Szwonek who has a very good smile on his face and his heart is beating very rapidly as he make sure that all is going well.

We thank all of you in inviting us here.

I really should not tell you much in Poland about the International Society for Horticultural Science you know all about it. But perhaps there are some younger people who do not know that this Society is world wide goes throughout the world members from almost 90 countries interested in fastering international cooperation in horticultural science from all of parts of the world. We meet of course regularly at every four years at International Congress you had one here in Warsaw. We have just finished with very largest, and successful Congress in Hamburg in which more then 50 or 60 of you from this country came. And of course I want to wish you on invitation for 1986. just three years from now to come to California where we will hold the next Horticultural Congress at the University of California at Davis. Many of you have been there and we offer you a delightfull time in a very important horticultural place so we hope that many of you will come and we hope that the ministers all and the others can help to arrange to get you there as well.

Yes I know I worked in one of those and it is time to get those travel into the budget as well. In between the Congress the International Society functions many Symposias such as this and so this next year there will be up to 20 of these Symposies scattered all around the world in the Orient in the Africa, have in Europa in the United States, a very active group of people who just had a very successful Symposium in Barcelona, another one in Scotland just last week and so there are many of these, and International Society is very happy to participate in those.

So I am delighted to come here as President and join the past President Fritz - good friends and the Chairman of this Group Mr van Kampe who will tell you more about the activity of the Society.

Delightet to came. Thank you for the invitation. We are looking for meeting all friends and heaving another very fine time in very good place in Skierniewice. Thank you.


AN OPENING ADDRESS GIVEN BY PROF. DR J. VAN KAMPEN
CHAIRMAN OF THE VEGETABLE SECTION OF ISHS

Ladies and Gentlemen

What can I say after such a glowing speach of our President prof. dr H. Tukey.

Well I can just give some technical informations about International Society as such, but move in particular about of our Section of Vegetables. But first of all I would like to say very personally that also I am very happy to be heresince I was here already in 1958 as a guest of our very good friend who already died it is prof. dr Chroboczek andthat I was assiting this Institute for the very first time and it is necessary to tell you how happy I am to be here now again to see my good colleques and I can a even say my good friends.

Well the first thing I have to do as chairman of the section more officially is to say that I am very happy indeed that so many collegues from obroad come here to attend this meeting and also I hope that this symposium may be very successful. Moreover I have to present the very best greetings and good wishes of a lot success from our Secretary General Mr van der Borg. I had meeting with him just before of my departure for Poland and the offered via myself the very very best wishes and greetings to all of you. As far as some theoretical things are concern ladies and gentlemen.

I brought from the General Secretary some informations material with me and just as prof. Tukey said in particular for the jounger ones it may be helpful to get some of them.

This costs no any money-so everyone can take one if he likes it.

This is the newest edition and it is in English and in French as well. It is just a very short information and you can take a copy of it.

Moreover there are some examples of our regular publications since you have to know that after each Congress and Symposium like this the Society prepares the Actas and it is special Edition. It is printed three times a year or even more if necessary. These publications are not free available. Here are few examples of them and inside you will find the list of all the publications of the Society and if you like it you can order them on the form just here. Well I am happy to say in my last words lot of thanks to Mr President of this Symposium my friend and collegue prof dr O. Nowosielski and of course I may not forget the director of the Institute here where I have been many times in a very friendly way our, friend and collegue doc. dr J. Skierkowski.

Well ladies and gentlemen that is all we have to make very short. Thank you so much.


AN OPENING ADDRESS GIVEN BY PROF. DR HAB. Z. GERTYCH
FIRST DEPUTY OF THE SECRETARY OF POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Respected guests of honour, ladies and gentelmen

I wish to welcome you on behalf of the Polish Academy of Science and especially I take this opportunity to welcome you on my behalf of the Agriculture and Forestry Section of the Polish Academy of Science which contributed to the organization of the Symposium.

It is a great honour for Poland and for me personally that we could invite to our country already for the second time such distinguished guests for the symposium organized by the Nutrition and Fertilization of Vegetables- ISHS Working Group.

The theme of using the fertilizers in protected vegetable production is steadily gaining importance. Experiments in this field constantly supplies new attainments that allow to intensify this way of vegetable growing: increase their yields and quality.

During the last 10 years the area in greenhouses has grown in our country significantly as a result of the construction of large greenhouse complexes. Also growing vegetables under plastics has developed rapidly within the last 10 years- predominantly thanks to efforts and activity of the private farmers.

The activity in this direction has been meant as a one of determinants of our permanent nutritional policy.

The large investments on intensive vegetable production has appeared to be right especially during the last difficult years in Poland when the vegetable supplying to the market has been stable and have not dropped down.

All of this we attained in connection to the close co-operation which has developed between the scientists and growers of vegetables.

Also the experience of our friends from the socialist countries has been available to us through co-operation of the Council for Mutual Economic Aid. We profit as well from the welth of vegetable growing knowledge from the entire world.

t is our desire to develop stadily efficient cooperation with all of the countries.

The symposium we are opening today will help to learn us more about last investigations and new methods of fertilizer using in protected vegetable production.

In my closing words I would like to wish you once. again success in intensification of vegetable production as well as profitable and pleasant time during your stay in Poland.


AN OPENING ADDRESS GIVEN BY PROF. DR. HAB. O.NOWOSIELSKI
PRESIDENT OF THE ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE OF THE SYMPOSIUM

Ladies and Gentelmen

Dear Participants of second symposium of ISHS Working Group Nutrition and Fertilization of Vegetable Crops.

In name of Organization Committee I have the honour and the pleasure to welcome you here in Skierniewice, to wish you pleasant and efficient time and to thank you for your cowork in organizing this symposium and for attending it.

I would like to remind that first symposium of our Working Group took place in Warsaw in 1971 also in September and its main topic was the use of plant and soil analysis for planning the fertilization of vegetable crops. At that time prof. Emil Chroboczek was the chairman of Working Group and I suggest now to respect his memory by the moment of silencium.

Present symposium is devoted to fertilization of vegetable crops in intensive production under covers. As is shown in symposium program several topics were suggested: 1/ fertilization programming regarding used method of growing, 2/ fertilization with watering, 3/ foliar application of fertilizers, 4/ new fertilizers, 5/ fertilization needs diagnosis. 30 papers have been sent from 12 countries covering these topics.

As a chairman of ISHS working group Nutrition and Fertilization of Vegetable Crops I am to invite all participants and especially the Members of working group for meeting in the end of symposium /Thursday, 8 September/ to discuss the program of Working Group and organization questions.

Together with secretary dr E. Szwonek we do ask you for opinion: is the program of working group to be restricted to organizing the Symposiums from time to time or it should also regard some other activities. We will very much appreciate your sugestions.

x/ Chairman of ISHS working group: Nutrition and Fertilization of Vegetable Crops

As hosts we would like to inform you what are the fertilizer problems we are studing in our Research Vegetable Institute in respect to greenhouse production. We further are engaged in determining critical and standard nutrients content in index plant parts and corresponding available nutrients levels in soils and substrates trying to regard the cultivars. We also are working on developing new fertilizers both liquid and solid with special regard of complete fertilizers with slow release nutrients on organic carriers. Some fertilizers are already produced. These and others are shown on small exhibition located on our way to teabreak room and you are invited to visit this exhibition. Use of organic row materials /like peats, brown coal, bark, sowdust/ for making fertilizers and substrates is one of our topics too. The development of the growing technique with the most efficient fertilizers use is worked out /tray container technique-tct/. Department of Plant Nutrition has a great help from cowork with other units of our Institute and with other research centries in Poland.

In Polland there is about 1500 ha of greenhouses and twice more plastics tunels. Most of this area is used for growing vegetables of which the tomato is dominateing. Different methods of growing methods are used, prevailing is production in dezinfected soil and in rings placed on soil or substrates. Typical growing methods will be seen during excursion to growers.