ISHS Acta Horticulturae 131: In Vitro Culture, XXI IHC
CROP PLANTS AND APPLIED TISSUE CULTURE - THE PRESENT SITUATION |
| Author: | G. Wenzel |
| Abstract:
The actual contribution of tissue culture to crop plant improvement to date, is not much more than the demonstration of potentials. Therefore the main intention of this paper is to offer a basis for an evaluation, where the new procedures have already contributed substantially, or where a fair chance of application can be expected soon. Four topics of in vitro culture application shall be focussed: 1. in vitro propagation; 2. in vitro selection; 3. somatic hybridization; 4. production of haploids. Propagation via tissue culture gained in crop plants importance only in combination with phytosanitary aspects, predominantly in meristem culture of vegetatively propagated crops like potato. The application of protoplasts in plant breeding is still nil; the paper concentrates on the few examples where protoplasts of crop plants are used with applied intention. The situation using haploids will be evaluated predominantly for Brassica napus, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare and Solanum tuberosum. Here the selection of specific genotypes during in vitro culture is reported and it is discussed how far selection at the single cell level may contribute to breeding. For potato, a combined application procedure for parthenogenetic and androgenetic haploids, for protoplast fusion and for the selection in the presence of exotoxins is described. Finally it is tried to evaluate the situation of tissue culture application in crop plant breeding. | |
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