ISHS Acta Horticulturae 114: Symposium on Research and Development on Orchard and Plantation Systems
DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT ACHIEVEMENTS OF HIGH DENSITY PLANTINGS IN ITALY, SWITZERLAND, AUSTRIA, AND YUGOSLAVIA |
| Author: | K. Werth |
| Abstract:
In Italy, Switzerland, Austria, and Yugoslavia the first high density orchards were planted at the end of the sixties, but the main increase came in the early nineteen-seventies. At present there are 4000 ha of intensive orchards in Italy, 1330 ha in Switzerland, 650 ha in Austria and 1500 ha in Yugoslavia. The attitude of experts and fruit growers in all four countries towards these intensive orchards is a positive one. The economic advantages of intensive systems are generally accepted; the high establishment costs are the main disadvantage. The most commonly planted system is the single row, the most common rootstocks M.9 and M.26, and the most important cultivar Golden Delicious. In all four countries the future trend is towards intensive orchards. Apart from minor changes no important innovations are expected in tree shape nor in the degree of intensification. It is expected that in the coming years the area with high density plantings will increase substantially, when old non-remunerative orchards are grubbed and replaced. The first high density orchards in Italy, Switzerland, Austria and Yugoslavia were planted in the late 1960's and there was a considerable increase during the seventies. Often the practices used in northern growing areas - especially The Netherlands and Belgium - were adopted and then, when necessary, adjusted to conditions of local climate and soil. | |
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